Lithium Titanate ke eng?

Lithium titanate ke motsoako oa oxide o tsoakiloeng o kopanyang lithium, titanium, le oksijene, hangata e fumanoang e le Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ e nang le sebopeho sa kristale ea spinel. Sesebediswa sena sa ceramic se sebetsa haholo e le anode ho dibetri tsa ion tsa lithium-, tse fanang ka polokeho e kgethehileng le bophelo ba potoloho leha matla a hae a le tlase ha a bapisoa le anode a tlwaelehileng a graphite.

Lithium titanate e teng ka mefuta e mengata ea lik'hemik'hale, empa mofuta oa spinel Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ o laola lits'ebetso tsa betri. Motsoako ona o na le-li-cubic lattice tse tharo moo li-ion tsa lithium li leng teng libakeng tsa tetrahedral 8a, ha li-ion tsa titanium li tlatsa libaka tsa octahedral 16d ka har'a moralo oa oksijene. Thulaganyo ena e theha seo bafuputsi ba se bitsang "zero-strain"-letisi le fetoha ka tlase ho 1% nakong ya tefiso le nako ya ho ntsha metsi.

Sebopeho sa spinel se lumella li-ion tsa lithium hore li tsamaee ka har'a kristale ka ho tlōla pakeng tsa libaka tsa tetrahedral le octahedral. Nakong ea lithiation, thepa e fetoha ho tloha Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ ho ea Li₇Ti₅O₁₂, ho amohela li-ion tse ling tse tharo tsa lithium ka unit unit. Ho kenngoa hona ho etsahala hoo e ka bang 1.55V khahlanong le lithium metal, e phahameng haholo ho feta 0.1V e tloaelehileng ea graphite anode.

Mefuta e meng ea lithium titanate e kenyelletsa lithium metatitanate (Li₂TiO₃), phofo e tšoeu e nang le ntlha e qhibilihang e fetang tekanyo ea 1,533 e sebelisoang ka ceramics le lisebelisoa tsa nyutlelie, le ramsdellite lithium titanate (Li₂Ti₃O₇), e bontšitseng tšepiso ho lipatlisiso tse khethehileng tsa betri. Mofuta o mong le o mong o na le titanium-ho{4}}ho{4}}karolelano ea lithium le tlhophiso ea kristale, e hlahisang litšobotsi tse ikhethang tsa 'mele le tsa electrochemical.

Lithium Titanate

Ha e sebelisoa e le anode ea betri, lithium titanate e sebetsa ka tsela e fapaneng ho feta graphite e tloaelehileng. Thepa ha e thehe sekhahla se tiileng sa electrolyte interface (SEI) nakong ea lipotoloho tsa pele hobane motlakase oa eona oa 1.55V o lutse ka har'a fensetere ea botsitso ea electrochemical ea li-electrolyte tse ngata. Li-anode tse tloaelehileng tsa graphite li sebetsa haufi le 0V khahlano le lithium, tse bakang ho bola ha electrolyte ho etsang lera le sireletsang empa le hanyetsana le SEI.

Nakong ea ho tjhaja, li-ion tsa lithium li falla ho tloha ho cathode ka electrolyte ebe li kenella ka har'a sebopeho sa anode sa lithium titanate. Mofuta oa nanocrystalline oa Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ o fana ka sebaka sa lisekoere-mithara tse ka bang 100 ka gram{2}ka makhetlo a fetang 30 ho feta a graphite. Sebaka sena se atolositsoeng se etsa hore lielektrone li khone ho kena le ho tsoa ka potlako, li tšehetsa litekanyetso tsa ho tjhaja ka potlako.

Maikutlo a ka fetoloang a latela: Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ + 3Li⁺ + 3e⁻ ↔ Li₇Ti₅O₁₂. Bokhoni ba theory bo fihla ho 175 mAh / g, le hoja ts'ebetsong e sebetsang e finyella 150-170 mAh / g. Le hoja graphite e fana ka bokhoni bo phahameng ba theory ho 372 mAh / g, lithium titanate e lefella bokhoni bo phahameng le ho phela nako e telele.

Bokhoni bo phahameng ba redox ba titanium oxide ha bo bapisoa le graphite bo baka monyetla oa polokeho ea tlhaho. Lithium dendrites-nale-joaloka meaho ea tšepe e ka phunyeletsang likhechana tsa betri le ho baka li-circuits tse khutšoane{3}}ke ka seoelo e hlahang holim'a lithium titanate. Moeli ona oa tšireletso o bonahala o le bohlokoa bakeng sa ts'ebeliso e phahameng{{5} ea hajoale moo li-anode li leng kotsing ea ho baleha mocheso.

Libetri tsa lithium titanate li bonts'a bophelo ba nako eo bo fokotsang lik'hemik'hale tse ling tsa lithium-ion. Lisele tsa khoebo li lula li fumana 10,000 ho isa ho 30,000 litefo tse felletseng-ka nako ea ho tsoa pele matla a theoha ho fihla ho 80% ea ea mantlha. Litlhaloso tsa Toshiba tsa 2024 li batla liseekele tse 45,000 ka sekhahla sa 10C bakeng sa lisele tsa bona tse phahameng{{13} tsa SCiB. Ha ho bapisoa, libeteri tsa lithium{15}}ion tse sebelisang lisebelisoa tse tloaelehileng hangata li nka 2,000-3,000.

Nako ena ea ho phela nako e telele e tsoa ho lefela-mohaho oa mofuta o itseng. Li-anode tsa graphite li hola hoo e ka bang 10% nakong ea lithiation, e bakang khatello ea maikutlo e arolang likaroloana le ho theola matla holim'a lipotoloho tse pheta-phetoang. Phetoho e nyane ea molumo oa Lithium titanate e boloka bots'epehi ba sebopeho le kamora mashome a likete a lipotoloho.

Ho tjhaja kapele ho emela tšobotsi e 'ngoe e hlalosang. Libetri tsa Lithium titanate li ka tjhaja ho tloha ho 0% ho isa ho 80% ka mor'a metsotso e 6-10 ntle le ho senyeha ho hoholo. Libese tsa 2011 tsa Chongqing tsa libese tsa motlakase li bonts'itse bokhoni bona ka ts'ebetso{12}}37 libese tsa limithara tse leshome le metso e 'meli tse nang le lisebelisoa tsa 80 kWh lithium titanate li lefisoa ka botlalo ka metsotso e 10 li sebelisa 400 kW. Lisele tsa morao-rao tse matla a phahameng tsa Toshiba li tjhaja ho fihla ho 80% ka motsotso o le mong ka sekhahla sa 48C.

Ts'ebetso ea mocheso e khetholla lithium titanate ho mefuta e meng. Libetri tsena li sebetsa ka ts'epo ho tloha ho -40 ho isa ho 60℃ntle le tahlehelo ea matla e tloaelehileng ea lik'hemik'hale tse ling maemong a feteletseng. Sebopeho se tsitsitseng sa spinel se boloka li-conductivity tsa ionic ho pholletsa le sebaka sena, ho etsa hore theknoloji e tšoanelehe bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa Arctic, lisebelisoa tsa likoloi tse chesang tsa mocheso, le lisebelisoa tsa sefofane moo taolo ea mocheso e eketsang boima le ho rarahana.

Tšireletseho tlas'a maemo a tlhekefetso e feta mefuta e meng ea lithium-ion. Lisele tsa lithium titanate li feta liteko tsa ho kenella ha manala, ho pshatla le ho feta litekong ntle le mollo kapa ho phatloha. Mocheso oa ho baleha oa thepa o lula o le ka holimo ho likhato tse 270, ka holim'a mocheso o sebetsang 'me o phahame ho feta lik'hemik'hale tse ling tse ngata. Boemo bona ba polokeho bo bonahala bo le bohlokoa bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse kholo-joalo ka lisebelisoa tsa polokelo ea marang-rang moo ho senyeha ha sele e le 'ngoe ho ka senyehang.

Bothata bo boholo ka ho fetisisa ke matla a matla. Libetri tsa Lithium titanate li fana feela ka matla a khoheli a 30-110 Wh/kg le ho fihla ho 177 Wh/L ka bophahamo ba modumo. Libetri tse tloaelehileng tsa lithium-ion tse sebelisang graphite anode le nickel-manganese{9}}cobalt cathodes li fihlella 200-300 Wh/kg. Bofokoli bona ba makhetlo a mararo ho isa ho leshome bo bolela hore libeteri tsa lithium titanate li nka sebaka se eketsehileng 'me li le boima bo bongata bakeng sa polokelo e lekanang ea matla.

Tekanyo e tlase ea matla e latela ka kotloloho ho voltage e sebetsang. Lisele tsa Lithium titanate li hlahisa 2.3-2.4V nominal voltage papisong le 3.6-3.7V bakeng sa lithium e tloaelehileng-ion. Tahlehelo ena ya motlakase{9}}e emelang mo e ka bang 1V-e fetolela ka kotloloho polokelong e fokoditsweng ya matla a yuniti ho ya ka boima. Lisebelisoa tseo boima le bophahamo ba modumo li leng bohlokoa haholo, joalo ka lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki tsa bareki le likoloi tsa motlakase tsa maeto a malelele, hangata ha li khone ho amohela thekiso ena.

Litšenyehelo li hlahisa tšitiso e 'ngoe bakeng sa ho nkeloa ka lapeng ho atileng. Lisele tsa betri tsa lithium titanate li na le hoo e ka bang $1.50 ka watt-ka hora, ha lisele tsa lithium iron phosphate li bitsa hoo e ka bang $0.40{4}ka hora. Theko ea theko e tsoa linthong tse 'maloa: litlhoko tse rarahaneng tsa ho kopanya, taolo e nepahetseng ea mongobo nakong ea tlhahiso, li-precursor tsa titanium tse turang{6}, le palo e tlase ea tlhahiso ha e bapisoa le lik'hemik'hale tse tloaelehileng.

Mokhoa oa tlhahiso o hloka taolo e hlokolosi. Sintering Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ e hloka mocheso oa 600{4}}850 degrees ho itšetlehile ka mokhoa oa ho kopanya, ka nako e telele ea ho sebetsa ho feta ho lokisa li-electrode tsa graphite. Matšoao a anatase kapa rutile TiO₂ a ka theha haeba taolo ea mocheso e bontša hore ha e lekane, e senya ts'ebetso ea electrochemical. Lithium titanate ea boleng bo holimo ea nanostructured e hloka lisebelisoa tse tsoetseng pele tsa tlhahiso le boiphihlelo.

Libese tsa motlakase li emela thekiso e kholo ka ho fetisisa ea khoebo ea theknoloji ea lithium titanate. Bokhoni ba ho tjhaja ka potlako ba k'hemistri bo nolofalletsa ho tjhaja ha liemelong tsa libese, ho lumella lipakete tse nyane tsa libeteri tse koalang kotlo ea boima ba 'mele. Microvast e fana ka libeteri tsa lithium titanate ho baetsi ba libese tsa motlakase tsa Europe ho kenyeletsoa le li-deckers tsa Wrightbus's New Routemaster tse habeli-tse London, moo liyuniti tse 1,000 li sebetsang ka lisebelisoa tsa betri tsa 18 kWh.

Sistimi ea polokelo ea matla a grid e ntse e tsoela pele ho sebelisa lithium titanate bakeng sa taolo ea khafetsa le lits'ebeletso tse tlatselletsang. Altairnano e hahile polante ea polokelo ea matla ea 20 MW/5 MWh e sebelisa theknoloji ea lithium titanate. Mets'ebetso ena e etelletsa pele nako ea ho arabela le bophelo ba potoloho ho feta matla a mangata-a libopeho moo lithium titanate e sebetsang hantle. Libetri li ka arabela ka har'a li-milliseconds ho mefuta ea maqhubu a grid mme li mamella lilemo tse 30-40 tsa ho palama baesekele letsatsi le letsatsi.

Lisebelisoa tsa terene li sebelisa mamello le polokeho ea lithium titanate. Siemens Mireo Plus B battery-literene tsa motlakase li kene tšebetsong ka Mmesa 2024 li tsamaisoa ke Toshiba lithium titanate cell tse nang le -lilemo tse lebelletsoeng tsa bophelo ba ts'ebeletso. Li-locomotives tsa British Rail Class 93 tri{9}}li sebelisa libeteri tsa lithium titanate ho sebetsa likarolong tse se nang motlakase. N700S Shinkansen ea Japane e sebelisa theknoloji bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea tšohanyetso ea lebelo le tlase nakong ea tšitiso ea motlakase.

Lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki tsa bareki li amohela lithium titanate maemong a ikhethileng a hlokang ho tjhaja kapele kapa ho ts'epahala ho fetelletseng. Samsung's Galaxy Note series e sebelisa libeteri tsa lithium titanate ho S-Pen stylus, e nolofalletsang boemo ba lihora tse 10 ho tsoa tefisong ea metsotsoana e 40. Liwache tsa Seiko Kinetic li ile tsa nkela li-capacitor sebaka ka libeteri tsa lithium titanate ho ntlafatsa bokhoni ba polokelo ea matla le bophelo ba ts'ebeletso.

Lisebelisoa tsa indasteri ho tloha ho likoloi tse tataisoang ho ea ho lisebelisoa tsa bongaka tsa mehala li khetha lithium titanate ha polokeho le bophelo ba potoloho li lokafatsa litšenyehelo tse phahameng. Seteishene sa boemo ba leholimo ba Tempest se sebelisa betri ea lithium titanate ea 1,300 mAh e qosoa ka liphanele tsa letsatsi, e hlokang lihora tse 4 feela tsa khanya ea letsatsi libeke tse ling le tse ling tse peli. Lisebelisoa tsa sesole le tsa sefofane li ananela ts'ebetso ea k'hemistri ho mocheso o feteletseng le ho hanyetsa likotsi tsa mollo.

Ho utloisisa hore na lithium titanate e lumellana hokae, hoa thusa ho tsebalibeteri tsa lithium ke engka kakaretso{{0}ke lisebelisuoa tsa polokelo ea matla tse khonang ho chencha hape tse tsamaisang li-ion tsa lithium pakeng tsa li-electrode ho boloka le ho ntša matla a motlakase. Ka har'a lelapa lena la betri ea lithium-ion, lithium titanate e na le sebaka se ikhethileng se hlalosoang ke lisebelisoa tsa eona tsa anode. Bongata ba libeteri tsa lithium li sebelisa graphite anodes e kopantsoeng le mefuta e fapaneng ea cathodes-lithium iron phosphate (LFP), nickel-manganese-cobalt (NMC), kapa lithium cobalt oxide (LCO). Libetri tsa Lithium titanate li ikhetholla ka ho sebelisa Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ joalo ka anode, hangata e kopantsoeng le lithium manganese oxide kapa lithium iron phosphate cathodes.

Ha ho bapisoa le libeteri tsa LFP, lithium titanate e fana ka 5-ka makhetlo a 10 bophelong ba nako e telele le serame se matla-ea boemo ba leholimo, empa e fana feela-borarong ho isa ho halofo ea matla a matla. Lisele tsa LFP li bitsa chelete e ka bang $0.40/Wh khahlano le $1.50/Wh bakeng sa lithium titanate. Lik'hemik'hale ka bobeli li totobatsa polokeho holim'a matla a matla, ho li etsa mefuta e meng ea lisebelisoa moo kotsi ea mollo e bakang liphello tse tebileng.

Libetri tsa NMC le NCA li laola lits'ebetso tsa koloi ea motlakase tse hlokang sebaka se lekaneng. Lik'hemik'hale tsena li fana ka matla a 200-250 Wh/kg{3}}habeli kapa a mararo a matla a lithium titanate{10}}e nolofalletsang 300-maele a 500. Leha ho le joalo, li baesekele makhetlo a 1,000{12}}2,000 feela 'me li baka likotsi tse kholo tsa ho baleha ha mocheso. Likoloi tsa motlakase tse etelletsang pele litšenyehelo tsa nako e telele le ho tjhaja ka potlako, joalo ka likepe tse tsamaisang thepa ea litoropo le libese tsa litoropo, li ka amohela kotlo ea lithium titanate bakeng sa melemo ea ts'ebetso.

Khahlanong le litheknoloji tse ntseng li hlaha joalo ka-libetri tsa boemo bo botle le lisele tsa sodium{1}}ion tsa sodium, lithium titanate e emela theknoloji e holileng, e netefalitsoeng khoebong. Libetri tse tiileng-li tšepisa matla a mangata le polokeho empa li ntse li tsoela pele{4}}ka tsoelopele ea khoebo le mathata a tlhahiso. Libetri tsa sodium-li fana ka litšenyehelo tse tlase empa matla a tšoanang le a lithium titanate ka nako e khuts'oane. Likhakanyo tsa 'maraka tsa 2025-2033 projeke ea lithium titanate e bolokang likarolo tse ikhethileng tsa' maraka ha theknoloji e ncha e sebetsana le lits'ebetso tsa mmaraka o moholo.

Lithium Titanate

Mmaraka oa lefats'e oa betri oa lithium titanate o fihlile ho $75.61 -80.65 bilione ka 2024 ho latela lifeme tse ngata tsa lipatlisiso tsa mebaraka, ka likhakanyo ho tloha ho $237-308 bilione ka 2033-2034. Sena se emela sekhahla sa kholo ea selemo le selemo sa 10-14.4%, se tsamaisoang haholo ke ho amoheloa ha likoloi tsa motlakase, katoloso ea polokelo ea marang-rang, le tlhoko ea meaho e potlakileng ea ho tjhaja.

Asia{{0}Pacific ke eona e laolang tlhahiso le tšebeliso, e ikarabellang bakeng sa hoo e ka bang 60% ea tlhokahalo ea libeteri tsa lithium titanate lefatšeng ka bophara ka 2024. Moralo oa Selemo oa Chaena oa bo-14-o habile kholo ea 50% ea phepelo ea matla a ka nchafatsoang ho tloha 2020-2025, e matlafatsang matsete a polokelo ea marang-rang moo lithium titanate e fanang ka melemo ea nako e telele ho feta lilemo tse 3 tsa moruo. Japane, lehae la theknoloji ea SCiB ea Toshiba, e boloka tšebeliso e matla ea lithium titanate ho lipalangoang tsa terene le lits'ebetsong tsa indasteri.

Amerika Leboea e na le karolo ea 'maraka e ka bang 36%, e nang le bahlahisi ba tsitsitseng ba kang Altairnano le libapali tse ntseng li hlaha joalo ka Grinergy e eketsang tlhahiso ea tlhahiso. Matsete a Lefapha la Matla a US a $258 milione ho theknoloji e tsoetseng pele ea libeteri e kenyelletsa nts'etsopele ea lithium titanate bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse ikhethileng moo lithium{5}}ion e tloaelehileng e bonts'ang hore ha e lekane.

Baetsi ba bohlokoa ba kenyelletsa Toshiba (SCiB brand), Altairnano (Nanosafe), Microvast (LpTO), Leclanché (TiBox), le bahlahisi ba Machaena ba kenyeletsang Yinlong Battery Technology e fumanoeng ke Gree Electric. Katoloso ea matla a tlhahiso e shebana le ho fokotsa litšenyehelo ka ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso le moruo oa sekhahla ho fapana le liphetoho tsa mantlha tsa k'hemistri.

Litaelo tsa lipatlisiso li totobatsa ho sebetsana le mefokolo ea mantlha ea lithium titanate. Lihlopha lefatšeng ka bophara li etsa lipatlisiso tsa doping ka niobium, magnesium, kapa likarolo tse ling ho matlafatsa ts'ebetso le bokhoni. Liphetoho tse holim'a metsi ho kenyelletsa le ho roala ha carbon le nanostructuring li ikemiselitse ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea sekhahla. Maano a ho fetelletsa lintho a hlahloba ho palama libaesekele ho feta Li₇Ti₅O₁₂ ho fumana bokhoni bo eketsehileng, leha sena se sitisa{3}}moemo oa mathata.

Hangata tlhahiso ea Lithium titanate e latela- litsela tse tiileng tsa naha kapa tsa metsi{1}}, 'me e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e na le melemo e ikhethang. Mokhoa oa setso o phahameng-mokhoa o tiileng oa mocheso{4}} o kopanya lithium carbonate (Li₂CO₃) le titanium dioxide (TiO₂) ka stoichiometric ratios, ebe calcines motsoako ona ka 700-850℃bakeng sa lihora tse 10-24. Mokhoa ona o paka o bonolo ebile o ka senyeha empa o hlahisa likaroloana tse batlang li le kholo (500nm-5μm) tse nang le sebaka se ka tlaase.

Sol{{0}mekhoa ea li-gel e fana ka taolo e betere holim'a boholo ba likaroloana le morphology. Bafuputsi ba qhala titanium alkoxides joalo ka tetrabutyl titanate e nang le lithium hydroxide ka har'a lihlapolli tsa tlhaho, ebe gel le calcine ka 600{7}}800℃. Sephetho sa lithium titanate se na le boholo ba likaroloana tse ka tlase ho 200nm le libaka tse phahameng tse atamelang 100 m²/g tse nolofalletsang ho tjhaja kapele. Leha ho le joalo, -mekhoa ea gel e hloka taolo e hlokolosi ea mongobo le ho iponahatsa e le theko e boima ho feta solid-state synthesis.

Hydrothermal synthesis e hlahisa lithium titanate ka mocheso o batlang o le tlase (120-200℃) ka ho fetola li-precursors ho litharollo tse nang le khatello ea metsi. Mokhoa ona o etsa li-nanotubes le li-nanowires tse nang le morphologies tse ikhethang, empa o hloka lisebelisoa tse khethehileng tsa khatello e phahameng 'me o hlahisa melapo ea litšila tse hlokang phekolo.

Mokhoa oa letsoai o qhibilihisitsoeng o fanyeha lintho tse sebetsang ka har'a -bateng e qhibilihang ea letsoai (hangata LiCl-metsoako ea KCl) ka 500-700 degrees . Mokelikeli oa metsi o thusa ho phalla ka potlako ha ion, ho hlahisa lithium titanate e khanyang haholo e nang le thepa e ntle ea electrochemical. Le hoja matla a-a sebetsa hantle ha a bapisoa le litsela tse tloaelehileng tsa boemo bo tiileng, mekhoa ea letsoai e qhibilihisitsoeng e hloka hore letsoai le boele le boele le sebelisoe.

Taolo ea boleng nakong ea tlhahiso e ipakile e le ea bohlokoa. X-diffraction ea ray e netefatsa bohloeki ba karolo, kaha ho latela palo ea anatase kapa rutile TiO₂ e theola tšebetso. Kabo ea boholo ba karolo e ama ts'ebetso ea elektrode le ts'ebetso ea betri-e kholo haholo 'me ha e sebetse hantle, e nyane haholo 'me likaroloana li kopana. Mongobo o tlameha ho lula ka tlase ho 100 ppm ho thibela ho senyeha ha electrolyte nakong ea kopano ea lisele.

Libetri tsa Lithium titanate hangata li sebelisa 10,000 ho isa ho 30,000 ka ho tjhaja ka botlalo-linako tsa ho bulela pele li fihla ho 80% ea matla, ka mefuta e meng e phahameng{6}e filoe lintlha tse 45,000. Libetri tsa kamehla tsa lithium{10}}ion tse sebelisang li-graphite anode li nka 2,000{18}}3,000 ka li-cycles tlas'a maemo a tšoanang. Monyetla ona oa nako e telele oa 5-15x o fetolela lilemo tse 20-30 tsa bophelo bohle ba ts'ebeliso ea libaesekele tsa letsatsi le letsatsi, ha ho bapisoa le lilemo tse 5-8 bakeng sa lithium-ion e tloaelehileng.

Phoso ea matla a matla e etsa hore lithium titanate e se ke ea sebetsa bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki tse nkehang habonolo. Betri ea smartphone e sebelisang lithium titanate e ka ba kholo ka makhetlo a 3 le ho ba boima ho feta meralo ea hajoale ho fana ka nako ea ts'ebetso e lekanang. Bareki ba etelletsa pele boholo le boima ba sesebelisoa ho feta melemo ea ho tjhaja ka potlako le bophelo bo bolelele ba lithium titanate. Theko e phahameng e boetse e nyahamisa ho amoheloa limmarakeng tsa bareki tse sa tsotelleng litheko.

Ee, libeteri tsa lithium titanate li ka tjhaja kapele haholo ho feta Tesla Supercharger ea hajoale ha e entsoe hantle. Lisele tsa morao-rao tsa Toshiba li lefisa ho fihla ho 80% ka metsotso e 1-6 ho latela boemo ba motlakase, ha Tesla Supercharger e hloka metsotso e 15-20 bakeng sa maemo a tšoanang a tefiso. Leha ho le joalo, sena se hloka lisebelisoa tse khethehileng tsa ho tjhaja matla a phahameng (400+ kW) tse sa fumaneheng hohle, 'me kotlo ea matla a matla e bolela hore likoloi tsa lithium titanate li tla ba le sebaka se khuts'oane bakeng sa boima bo lekanang le ba betri.

Lintlha tse tharo li ntlafatsa polokeho ea lithium titanate: Ntlha ea pele, bokhoni ba ho sebetsa ba 1.55V bo thibela ho thehoa ha lithium dendrite e bakang lipotoloho tse khutšoanyane tsa ka hare ho graphite anode. Ea bobeli, thepa ha e thehe sebopeho se tiileng sa electrolyte se ka senyehang ka mokhoa o feteletseng. Taba ea boraro, tekanyo ea ho baleha ha mocheso oa likhato tse 270 e feta lithempereichara tse ngata tsa maemo a tlhekefetso, 'me "zero{4}}sebopeho se hanana le tšenyo e bakoang ke litšusumetso. Litšobotsi tsena li lumella lisele tsa lithium titanate ho feta ho kenella ha lipekere le ho senya liteko ntle le mollo kapa ho phatloha.

Lithium Titanate

Lithium titanate e lula sebakeng se hlalositsoeng empa se ntse se hola polokelong ea matla. Theknoloji e ke ke ea nka sebaka sa lithium-ion e tloaelehileng ho lifonofono kapa likoloing tse telele-moo matla a matla a etsang qeto ea ho sebelisoa. Ho e-na le hoo, e sebetsana le lits'ebetso moo bophelo ba potoloho, polokeho, ho tjhaja kapele, kapa ho mamella mocheso ho lokafatsang ho amohela matla a tlase a matla le litšenyehelo tse phahameng.

Mokhoa o hlakileng oa ho hola o hlaha lipalangoang tsa sechaba, moo ho tjhaja menyetla ho nolofaletsang lipakete tse nyane tsa betri tse fokotsang kotlo ea boima ba 'mele, le moo betri e nchafatsang bophelo bohle ba koloi ea lilemo tse 12-15 e ratang lik'hemik'hale tse tšoarellang. Polokelo ea grid e emela ntho e 'ngoe ea tlhaho, haholo-holo bakeng sa lits'ebeletso tsa taolo ea khafetsa tse hlokang likete-kete tsa linako tse sa tebang tsa letsatsi le letsatsi ho theosa le lilemo tse mashome.

Lintlafatso tsa morao-rao tsa mekhoa e nyalisitsoeng li bontša tšepiso-ho kopanya lithium titanate anode le li-cathodes tse tsoetseng pele{1}}kapa ho sebelisa lithium titanate sebakeng sa{2}}likoloi tse atolositsoeng moo betri e nyane e potolohang khafetsa. Ha litekanyo tsa tlhahiso le litšenyehelo li fokotseha, k'hemistri e ka hola ho ba mebaraka e meng e ikhethang. Hajoale, lithium titanate e bonts'a hore k'hemistri e nepahetseng ea betri e ipapisitse le litlhoko tsa ts'ebeliso ho fapana le ho phehella theknoloji e "molemo" bakeng sa ts'ebeliso eohle.