Selelekela ho Libetri tsa Lithium-ion
Molao-motheo oa Ts'ebetso oa Libetri tsa Lithium{0}}ion
Betri ea lithium-ion hangata e na le "positive electrode", "negative electrode", "electrolyte" e tsamaisang li-ion tsa lithium, lesearohanyale casing e arolang li-electrode tse ntle le tse mpe. Lintho tse ntle tsa electrode ka kakaretso ke motsoako o lumellang ho kenngoa le ho ntšoa ha lithium ion, joalo ka lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO₂), lithium nickel oxide (LiNiO₂), lithium manganese oxide (LiMn₂O₄), kapa lisebelisoa tsa ternary (LiCoₓNiᵧ₋Mn). Electrolyte e entsoe ka letsoai la lithium (matsoai a tloaelehileng a lithium a kenyelletsa LiClO₄, LiPF₆, LiBF₄, LiBOB, joalo-joalo) e qhibilihisitsoeng ka har'a motsoako o itseng (haholo-holo motsoako oa ethylene carbonate (EC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), propylene carbonate, joalo-joalo. Thepa e arolang hangata ke resin ea polyolefin, hangata e sebelisa-layer kapa multi-layer polypropylene (PP) le polyethylene (PE) microporous membranes, joalo ka separator sa Celgard 2300. Electrode e mpe hangata e sebelisa lisebelisoa tse khonang ho kopanya lithium, joalo ka petroleum coke, pure graphite, le layered graphite e tsoakiloeng carbon. Karabelo ho betri ea lithium{10}}ion e sebelisang carbon (C₆) joalo ka eleketrode e nyahamisang le transition metal oxide LiMeO₂ joalo ka eleketrode e nepahetseng ke e latelang.
Nakong ea ho tjhaja:
Nakong ea ho tsoa:
Nakong ea ho lefella, li-ion tsa lithium li lokolloa ho electrode e ntle ebe li kenngoa ka har'a electrode e mpe; nakong ea ho lahla, li-ion tsa lithium li lokolloa ho electrode e mpe ebe li kenngoa ka har'a electrode e ntle. Ka mantsoe a mang, nakong ea ho tjhaja le ho ntša, li-ion tsa lithium li ea pele le morao pakeng tsa li-electrode tse ntle le tse mpe, joalo ka setulo se sisinyehang. Ka hona, libeteri tsa lithium-ion li boetse li bitsoa "rocking chair battery". Molao-motheo oa bona oa ho sebetsa o ka tšoantšetsoa ke Setšoantšo sa 1.1.
Tlas'a maemo a tloaelehileng a tefiso le ho tsoa, ho kenngoa le ho ntšoa ha li-ion tsa lithium pakeng tsa lisebelisoa tsa carbon tse layered le oxide particles kapa pakeng tsa likarolo tsa libeteri tsa lithium-ion hangata li bakang liphetoho lipakeng tsa interlayer 'me ha li senye sebopeho sa kristale. Nakong ea tefiso le ho tsoa, likarolo tsa lik'hemik'hale tsa lisebelisoa tse ntle le tse mpe tsa elektrode li lula li sa fetohe. Ka hona, ho ea ka pono ea phetoho ea ho tjhaja-karolo ya ho hlatswa, ho kenngwa le ho ntshwa ha li-ion tsa lithium ka har'a lisebelisoa tsa betri ke ts'ebetso e nepahetseng. Ho ipapisitsoe le likarolo tsena, libeteri tsa lithium-ion li sebetsa hantle ho feta libeteri tsa nickel{6}}cadmium le nickel{7}}metal hydride.
Likarolo tsa betri ea -ion ea lithium
Libetri tsa Lithium-ion li ka hlophisoa ho ea ka thepa ea cathode e sebelisitsoeng, chebahalo le boholo, mokhoa oa ho etsa lisele, mofuta oa ho paka, le litšobotsi tsa ts'ebeliso.
Ho latela thepa ea cathode e sebelisitsoeng, libeteri tsa lithium{0}}ion li ka aroloa ka libeteri tsa lithium cobalt oxide, libeteri tsa lithium manganese oxide, libeteri tsa ternary lithium, le libeteri tsa lithium iron phosphate.
Libetri tsa lithium cobalt oxide li na le motlakase oa lebitso la 3.7V le mefuta e mengata ea motlakase ea 2.4 ~ 4.2V. Libetri tsa lithium cobalt oxide li na le sebopeho se tsitsitseng, bokhoni bo khethehileng, le ts'ebetso e tsotehang ka kakaretso, empa polokeho ea tsona e fokola 'me litšenyehelo tsa tsona li holimo, haholo-holo li sebelisoa ka lisele tse nyenyane le tse mahareng{4}. Lilemong tsa morao tjena,{6}}lisebelisoa tse phahameng tsa lithium cobalt oxide li entsoe, tse ka eketsang moeli o ka holimo oa voltage ea betri ho 4.3V kapa 4.35V, kahoo e ka ntlafatsa matla a betri le ho teteka ha matla. Hajoale, libeteri tsa lithium cobalt oxide li na le matla a phahameng ka ho fetesisa a matla, a fihlang ho 550Wh/kg, e leng se etsang hore e be eona feela khetho ea ho matlafatsa{11}lifono tsa thekeng le lihlahisoa tse ling tsa elektroniki.
Libetri tsa lithium manganese oxide (MMANO) li na le motlakase oa lebitso la 3.8V le mefuta e fapaneng ea matla a sebetsang a 2.5V ho isa ho 4.2V. Volgage e sireletsang ho fetelletseng ke 4.28V ± 0.025V, 'me -voltage e sirelletsang ha e tsoa ke 2.5V ± 0.1V. Libetri tsa MMANO li theko e tlase{{10}'me li na le polokeho e ntle. Leha ho le joalo, thepa ea lithium manganese oxide ka boeona e batla e sa tsitsa ebile e na le tšekamelo ea ho bola, e hlahisa khase le ho ruruha. Nako ea ho sesa ha eona e senyeha ka potlako, nako ea eona ea ho phela ha e khuts'oane, 'me{13}}lithempereichara tsa eona ha li sebetse hantle. E sebelisoa haholo ka-litheko tse tlase, tse mahareng-ho{17}}ho{17}}tse kholo{18}}lisele tsa boholo bakeng sa ho etsa libeteri tsa motlakase.
Libetri tsa Ternary lithium-ion (TLC) li na le motlakase oa mofuta oa 3.6V le sebaka sa ho sebetsa sa 2.75V ho isa ho 4.2V. Volgage e sirelletsang ho fetelletseng ke 4.28V ± 0.025V, 'me -voltage e sireletsang ha e tsoa ke 2.75V ± 0.1V. Libetri tsa TLC li na le ts'ebetso e ntle ka kakaretso, li theko e tlase ho feta lithium cobalt oxide (LCO), 'me li fana ka polokeho e ntlafetseng. Li ka sebelisoa ka libeteri tsa motlakase, 'me karolo ea bona ea' maraka 'marakeng oa thepa ea cathode e ntse e eketseha selemo le selemo. Libetri tse nyane tsa lithium{13}}ion tse sebelisang ternary lithium{14}}lisebelisoa tsa ion li amoheloa butle-butle ke 'maraka. Lisebelisoa tsa Ternary li ka kopanngoa le lithium cobalt oxide le lithium manganese oxide hore li sebelisoe ka tšepe-cased, aluminium-cased, pouch, polymer, and cylindrical lithium{18}}betri tsa ion, tse ka fokotsang litšenyehelo tsa betri haholo le ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ka kakaretso. Hajoale, libeteri tsa ternary material li ka fumana matla a 180 Wh/kg (26650 steel-cased libetri li ka fihlang ho boima ba 4600 mAh/kg ka boima ba 90g), tse fanang ka monyetla o hlakileng oa litšenyehelo{25}}ka katleho.
Libetri tsa lithium iron phosphate (LFP) li na le motlakase oa lebitso la 3.2V le mefuta e mengata ea ho sebetsa ea 2.5 ~ 3.75V. Volgage e sireletsang ho fetelletseng ke 3.75V±0.025V, 'me -voltage e sireletsang ha e tsoa ke 2.5V±0.1V. Monyetla o moholo ka ho fetisisa oa libeteri tsa LFP ke ho tsitsa le{10}}ho se bola ha lisebelisoa tsa elektrode tse ntle, ho li fa tšireletseho e ke keng ea lekanngoa ha ho bapisoa le lisebelisoa tse ling tse ntle tsa elektrode. Libetri tsa LFP li na le nako e telele ea bophelo, li na le lisebelisoa tse ngata, 'me li na le botsoalle ba tikoloho. Leha ho le joalo, ba na le polatefomo ea ho ntša metsi e tlase 'me ba sa sebetse hantle{13}}thempereichara e tlase.
Ho ipapisitsoe le chebahalo le boholo, libeteri tsa lithium-ion li ka aroloa ka libeteri tsa cylindrical le libeteri tsa prismatic, joalo-joalo.
Ho latela mokhoa oa ho etsa lisele, libeteri tsa lithium-ion li ka aroloa ka libeteri tsa maqeba (leqeba la cylindrical le leqeba le bataletseng), libeteri tse pakiloeng, jj.
Ho ipapisitsoe le mofuta oa thepa ea ho paka, libeteri tsa lithium-ion li ka aroloa ka tšepe-libetri tsa cased, aluminium-libetri tse khase, tsa polasetiki{3}}libetri tse khase,{4}}libetri tsa pakete tse bonolo, le tse ling.
Ho ipapisitsoe le litšobotsi tsa ts'ebeliso, libeteri tsa lithium-ion li ka aroloa ka-libetri tsa mocheso o phahameng,{2}}libetri tsa mocheso o tlase, libeteri tsa motlakase, le libeteri tsa matla, joalo-joalo.
Ho latela libaka tsa ts'ebeliso ea bona, libeteri tsa lithium-ion li ka hlophisoa e le: li-backups, libeteri tsa motlakase, le libeteri tsa polokelo ea matla.
Lisebelisoa tsa Libetri tsa Lithium{0}}ion
Ho ka boleloa hore haesale ho qaptjoa betri, ha ho sehlahisoa se seng sa betri se kileng sa sebelisoa ka potlako le ka bophara joalo ka betri ea lithium{0}}ion. Ho tloha ho phepelo ea matla a oache bakeng sa li-CPU tsa komporo ho ea ho lipakete tse kholo tsa lithium{2}} tsa ion tse sebelisoang likoloing le likepeng tse tsamaeang ka tlas'a metsi, phapang ea matla e feta makhetlo a limilione tse 10. Li na le lits'ebetso tse pharaletseng bophelong ba letsatsi le letsatsi, lisebelisoa tsa bongaka, likoloi tsa motlakase, liteishene tsa matla a polokelo ea matla, sefofane le sesole.
Ka mor'a lilemo tse fetang 10 tsa ho tsebahala, libeteri tsa lithium{1}}e se e le eona feela tsamaiso ea motlakase e sebelisoang haholo lihlahisoa tsa digital tse kang liselefouno le lilaptop. Ka lebaka la matla a bona a phahameng a khethehileng, li boetse li sebelisoa haholo lisebelisoa tsa motlakase, libaesekele tsa motlakase, libese tsa motlakase, liteishene tsa matla a moea le matla a letsatsi, liteishene tsa mehala ea puisano ea mehala, lisebelisoa tsa matla a mabone a merafo, lisebelisoa tsa motlakase tsa pholoso ea merafo, lisebelisoa tsa matla a sesole ka bomong, li-radio, libeteri tsa sathelaete le lits'ebetso tse ling tse ngata. Ho ea ka lipalo-palo, ka 2011, boholo ba 'maraka oa indasteri ea betri ea lithium ea Chaena bo fihlile li-yuan tse limilione tse likete tse 39.7, selemo{6}ka keketseho ea selemo ea 43%,' me tlhahiso ea selemo le selemo ea libeteri tsa lithium e fihlile li-unit tse limilione tse likete tse 2.97, selemo{10}}ka keketseho ea selemo sa 28. Indasteri ea betri ea lithium e fetohile tataiso ea bohlokoa ea indasteri moruong oa naha²¹.
