Polypropylene ke eng?
Ntho e le 'ngoe e matlafatsa ntho e' ngoe le e 'ngoe joang ho tloha setshelo sa hau sa yogurt sa hoseng ho ea ho dashboard koloing ea hau? Polypropylene e eme e le e 'ngoe ea litharollo tsa sejoale-joale tse feto-fetohang ka ho fetesisa, e koalang lekhalo lipakeng tsa boiketlo ba letsatsi le letsatsi le -grade ea tšebetso ea liindasteri. Polymer ena ea thermoplastic e fetotse ka mokhoa o khutsitseng tsela eo re pakang, re hlahisang le ho sireletsa lihlahisoa ho eona hoo e batlang e le karolo e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea moruo oa lefatše.
Hantle-ntle Polypropylene ke Eng?
Polypropylene (PP) ke thermoplastic polymer e entsoeng ka polymerization ea propylene monomers-molek'hule e bonolo ea hydrocarbon e nang le liathomo tse tharo tsa carbon. Ho fapana le lisebelisoa tse senyehang ha li futhumatsoa khafetsa le ho pholile, polypropylene e boloka botšepehi ba eona ba sebopeho ka lipotoloho tse ngata tsa ho futhumatsa, e leng tšobotsi e e khethollang ka har'a lelapa la thermoplastic.
Thepa e hlaha lits'ebetsong tsa ho hloekisa peterole e le khase ea propylene, e ntan'o fetoloa ka karabelo ea matla ho ba liketane tse telele tsa polymer. Liketane tsena li itlhophisa ka mokhoa o batlang o lekana-mohaho oa kristale, moo libaka tse hlophisitsoeng tsa kristale li kopanang le libaka tsa amorphous. Meetso ena ea limolek'hule e fa polypropylene ho tsitsisa le ho tenyetseha ha eona{3}}motsoako o etsang hore e be polasetiki ea bobeli e hlahisoang lefatšeng ka bophara, e sala feela polyethylene ka bophahamo ba tlhahiso.
Polypropylene's chemical formula, (C3H6)n, e emela likete-kete tsa likarolo tse pheta-phetoang tsa propylene tse hokahaneng hammoho., ho theha liketane tse ka etsoang ka nepo bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse ikhethileng. Thepa hangata e hlaha e le 'mala o mosoeu kapa o phatsimang ka sebopeho sa eona se hloekileng, leha bahlahisi ba lula ba eketsa li-pigment le li-additives ho fetola ponahalo ea eona le ho ntlafatsa thepa e itseng.
Mefuta e meraro ea mantlha e laola tlhahiso ea khoebo: li-homopolymers li na le likarolo tsa propylene ka ho felletseng, tse fanang ka boima bo boholo le ho hanyetsa lik'hemik'hale. Li-copolymers tse sa reroang li kenyelletsa palo e nyane ea ethylene, e ntlafatsang ho hlaka le ho feto-fetoha ha maemo bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse hlokang pepeneneng. Li-block copolymers li na le libaka tse ikhethileng tsa propylene le ethylene-rabara ea propylene, e fanang ka matla a matla a ho hanyetsa mocheso o tlase moo polypropylene e tloaelehileng e fetohang brittle.
Ha e le hantle Polypropylene e Etsoa Joang?
Leeto la tlhahiso ho tloha ho oli e tala ho ea ho polypropylene e felileng e sebelisa mekhoa e tsoetseng pele ea lik'hemik'hale e ntlafalitsoeng ka mashome a lilemo a tsoelo-pele ea mahlale a thepa. Tlhahiso e qala libakeng tsa ho hloekisoa ha peterole moo oli e tala e tšeloang ka karoloana, e arola metsoako e fapaneng ea hydrocarbon ka ntlha e belang. Khase ea propylene e hlaha karohanong ena ea pele, leha e hloka tlhoekiso e eketsehileng pele ho polymerization.
Litsamaiso tse peli tsa catalyst li laola tlhahiso ea sejoale-joale:Likatalisi tsa Ziegler-Natta, e fumanoeng lilemong tsa bo-1950 ke Karl Ziegler le Giulio Natta (ba ba fumaneng Moputso oa Nobel oa Chemistry oa 1963), le lisebelisoa tse ncha tsa metallocene tse nolofalletsang taolo e ntle le ho feta holim'a meralo ea polymer. Khetho lipakeng tsa litsamaiso tsena e susumetsa kabo ea boima ba limolek'hule tsa ho qetela, boemo ba kristale, 'me qetellong litšoaneleho tsa eona tsa' mele.
-gase polymerization e emetse o mong oa mekhoa e meraro ea mantlha ea tlhahiso. Ka mokhoa ona, khase ea propylene e hloekisitsoeng e phalla ka har'a setsi sa bethe se nang le metsi moo likaroloana tsa catalyst li emisang khase ea khase. Lithempereichara li fapana pakeng tsa 70 le 100℃ha khatello e lula pakeng tsa 1 le 20 atmosphere. Ha limolek'hule tsa propylene li ntse li hokahana le sebaka sa "catalyst", li hokahana ka potlako, 'me li etsa phofo ea polymer e arohanang le khase e sa sebetseng ka ho arola leholiotsoana. Phofo ena e ntan'o etsoa pelletizing hore e be bonolo ho e tšoara le ho e romella.
Lits'ebetso tsa slurry li sebelisa li-solvents tsa hydrocarbon ho emisa liketane tse thusang le tse ntseng li hola tsa polymer. Ts'ebetso ea Spheripol, e sebelisoang haholo indastering eohle, e potoloha propylene, ethylene, le hydrogen ka li-reactor tse otlolohileng. Likaroloana tsa polymer li hola ka har'a mokelikeli pele li arohana le ho omisa. Mokhoa ona o fana ka bokhoni bo botle ba ho tlosa mocheso, bo bohlokoa bakeng sa ho laola karabelo ea exothermic polymerization.
Lisebelisoa tse ngata li etsa polymerize propylene sebakeng sa eona sa mokelikeli ntle le li-solvents tse eketsehileng, ho fokotsa tšusumetso ea tikoloho le ho nolofatsa tlhoekiso. Mehaho ea sejoale-joale e ntse e rata mokhoa ona bakeng sa tlhahiso ea li-homopolymer, moo ho ba sieo ha li-solvents ho ntlafatsang ts'ebetso le ho fokotsa tlhahiso ea litšila.
Setsi sa-se boholo bo boholo ba tlhahiso ea polypropylene hangata se hlahisa 300,000 ho isa ho 500,000 metric tonne selemo le selemo, 'me tlhahiso ea lefats'e e feta 70 million metric tons ka 2024. Mokhoa o mong le o mong oa tlhahiso o hlahisa libopeho tse fapaneng hanyane tsa polymer, tse lumellang bahlahisi ho rala thepa ho latela litlhoko tse itseng- tsa tšebeliso.
Hobaneng ha Liindasteri li Khetha Polypropylene?
Katleho ea khoebo ea thepa e bakoa ke motsoako o itseng oa litšobotsi tsa ts'ebetso tseo mekhoa e seng mekae e ka bapisoang le litšenyehelo tse bapisoang.Ho hanyetsa lik'hemik'hale ho har'a litšobotsi tsa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa tsa polypropylene{{0}polima e mamella maemo a ho pepesehela litlhapi, li-acid, le litharollo tsa alkaline tse ka theolang thepa e ngata e hlolisanoang. Ho mamella hona ho etsa hore e be ea bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa ho boloka lihlahisoa tsa ho hloekisa, lik'hemik'hale le maro a indasteri.
Ho fapana le lisebelisoa tse monyang mongobo tikolohong ea tsona, polypropylene e lula e sa kenelle metsi. Liteko tsa laboratori li bonts'a ho monya mongobo ka tlase ho 0.01% ea boima ba 'mele ka mor'a ho qoelisoa ka lihora tse 24, e leng thepa e atolosang bophelo ba sehlahisoa libakeng tse mongobo le ho nolofatsa sterilization lits'ebetsong tsa bongaka. Baetsi ba lisebelisoa tsa bongaka ba sebelisa tšobotsi ena ha ba etsa lisebelisoa tsa ho buoa tse ka sebelisoang hape le lisebelisoa tsa laboratori tse tlamehang ho mamella li-autoclave cycles ka likhato tse 121.
Thepa e bonts'a ts'ebetso e tsotehang ea mochini ho sa tsotellehe boima ba eona bo batlang bo le bobebe. Ka boima ba hoo e ka bang 0.91 g/cm³, polypropylene e phaphamala ka metsing ha e ntse e boloka matla a tsitsitseng hoo e ka bang 4,800 psi. Karolelano ena ea matla{{5}ho-ka boima ba' mele e bonahala e le ea bohlokoa haholo tlhahisong ea likoloi, moo k'hilograma e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e tlosoang e ntlafatsang tšebeliso e ntle ea mafura. Koloi e tloaelehileng e kenyelletsa lik'hilograma tse 15-20 tsa likaroloana tsa polypropylene, ho tloha ho li-bumpers le li-betri ho ea ho liphanele tsa ka hare.
Ho hanyetsa mokhathala ho arola polypropylene ho thermoplastics tse ngata. Thepa e ka fetoha makhetlo a likete ntle le ho petsoha, e lumella lits'ebetso tse kang lihinji tse phelang-likarolo tse tšesaane tse tenyetsehang tse hokelang likarolo tse thata. Likatiba tsa botlolo tse lulang li khomaretsoe ka ho bula le ho koaloa khafetsa li fana ka mohlala oa thepa ena, e fokotsa matlakala ha e ntse e boloka ts'ebetso.
Ts'ebetso ea mocheso e beha polypropylene lipakeng tsa motsoala oa eona oa polyethylene. Thepa e qhibiliha ho tloha ho 160 degrees ho isa ho 171℃ho itšetlehile ka crystallinity le formulation, e phahame haholo ho feta{3}}density polyethylene's 130-137℃range. Sebaka sena se phahameng sa ho qhibidiha se dumella-mesebetsi ya ho paka ho tjhesa, dijana tsa dijo tse bolokehileng ka microwave, le dikarolo tsa koloi tse pepesehileng mochesong wa enjene.
Katleho ea litšenyehelo e phethela tlhahiso ea boleng ba polypropylene. Litsenyehelo tsa thepa e tala hangata li tloha ho $ 0.30 ho $0.40 ponto ka 'ngoe, e etsa hore e be le tlholisano ea moruo le lipolasetiki tse ling ha e ntse e fana ka ts'ebetso e phahameng lits'ebetsong tse ngata. Ho sebetsa hantle ho eketsa molemo o mong-polypropylene ea ho qhibiliha ha viscosity e tlase e lumella ho phalla ha bonolo nakong ea ente, ho fokotsa linako tsa potoloho le tšebeliso ea matla.
Re Kopana Hokae Polypropylene Letsatsi le Letsatsi?
Lisebelisoa tsa ho paka li ja hoo e ka bang 30% ea tlhahiso ea polypropylene lefatšeng ka bophara, e leng lipalo-palo tse totobatsang ho fumaneha hohle ha thepa mecheng ea phepelo ea sejoale-joale. Baetsi ba lijo ba rata polypropylene bakeng sa lijana tsa yogurt, libate tsa margarine, le li-tray tsa lijo tse ka beoang ka microwave hobane e kopana le litlhoko tsa FDA bakeng sa ho kopana le lijo ha e ntse e mamella mocheso o tsoang polokelong ea sehatsetsi ka ho futhumatsa ka microwave.
Lifilimi tse bonolo tsa polypropylene li sireletsa lijo tse bobebe, masela le lihlahisoa tsa koae, ho nka sebaka sa cellophane le pampiri e entsoeng ka boka lits'ebetsong tse ngata. Lifilimi tsena li fana ka thepa e phahameng ea thibelo ea mongobo ha e ntse e bitsa chelete e nyane ho e hlahisa. Woven polypropylene e etsa mekotla e tšoarellang bakeng sa lihlahisoa tsa temo, thepa ea kaho, le thepa e ngata-mokotla o le mong o lohiloeng o ka nka 50 kg ea raese kapa samente ha boima ba oona bo le ligrama tse 80-100 feela.
Lefapha la likoloi ke 'maraka oa bobeli o moholo oa polypropylene-, o sebelisa hoo e ka bang 20% ea tlhahiso. Baetsi ba likoloi ba kenyelletsa thepa ho pholletsa le likoloi tsa sejoale-joale: li-bumper system li sebelisa matla a ho monya ha polypropylene; liphanele tsa ka hare tsa mamati le likarolo tsa dashboard li eketsa ho bōptjoa ha eona le likhetho tsa ho qeta holimo; mekotla ea betri e na le li-electrolyte tse senyang ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng ha li ntse li fokotsa boima ba koloi; tšehetso ea k'hapete e fana ka nako e telele le ho hanyetsa matheba libakeng tse phahameng- tsa sephethephethe.
Mofani e mong oa likoloi oa Europe o tlalehile ho fetolela literei tsa tšepe tsa tšepe ho polypropylene ho fokotsa boima ba karolo ka 40% ha a ntse a fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso ka 25%, ho bonts'a melemo ea moruo oa thepa ho feta ts'ebetso ea mantlha.
Lisebelisoa tsa bongaka le tsa meriana li hloka motsoako o ikhethang oa polypropylene oa ho se sebetse ha lik'hemik'hale, ho hanyetsa ho thibela likokoana-hloko, le ho sebetsa hantle ha litšenyehelo.Li-syringe tse lahliloeng, libotlolo tsa mohlala, lijana tsa petri, le literei tsa lisebelisoa tsa ho buoa kaofela li sebelisa polypropylene.hobane thepa e khona ho mamella sterilization ea mouoane, mahlaseli a gamma, le ho bolaea likokoana-hloko ka lik'hemik'hale ntle le ho senya. Moetsi e moholo oa lisebelisoa tsa bongaka o hlokometse hore literei tsa bona tsa polypropylene li mamella 50+ li-autoclave cycles pele li bontša hore li senyehile, li fokotsa litšenyehelo ha li ntse li boloka tiisetso ea ho sterility.
Lisebelisoa tsa laboratori tse kenyelletsang li-tubes tsa liteko, malebela a pipette le li-microplates li sebelisa polypropylene haholo. Litšobotsi tse tlamang liprotheine tse tlase li iponahatsa li le bohlokoa bakeng sa lipatlisiso tsa baeloji, moo tšilafalo ea sampole e ka senyang litholoana.
Lisebelisoa tsa masela le fiber li fetola polypropylene hore e be lihlahisoa ho tloha ho geotextiles bakeng sa taolo ea khoholeho ea mobu ho ea ho masela a sebetsang a tlosang mongobo hole le letlalo. Lithapo tsa polypropylene li laola lits'ebetso tsa leoatle-ka tlase ho metsi li lumella liropo tse phaphametseng hore li se ke tsa teba ha li ka oela holim'a metsi. Khampani ea phepelo ea maoatleng e fumane liropo tsa polypropylene li boloka 90% ea matla a tsona kamora lilemo tse 3 tsa ho pepesehela metsi a letsoai khafetsa, ho feta mefuta e meng ea likhoele tsa tlhaho.
Lihlahisoa tsa bareki li re pota-potile ka polypropylene: lijana tsa polokelo ea lijo tse ka sebelisoang hape tse pholohang mekoloko e mengata ea ho hlatsoa lijana; thōtō e bobebe e mamellang tlhekefetso ea ho tsamaisa thoto; thepa ea ka tlung e hanyetsanang le boemo ba leholimo le ho senyeha ha UV; likhoele tsa k'hapete tse lelekang litšila libakeng tsa khoebo- tse phahameng. Khampani ea e{2}ea khoebo e pakang thepa e sa tsoa fetohela ho mekotla ea poso ea polypropylene, e tlaleha phokotso ea 60% ea likopo tsa tšenyo ea likepe ha e bapisoa le mekotla ea bona ea pele ea polyethylene.
Ho khahlisang ke hore 'maraka o ntseng o hola oa litharollo tsa motlakase o nkehang o ekelitse tlhoko ea lisebelisoa tse bobebe, tse tšoarellang ka har'a mekotla ea lihlahisoa. Leha ho le joaloLi-betri tsa lithium li ka nchafatsoa hapele ho fana ka matla a matla a matla, matlo a ts'ireletso bakeng sa lipakete tsena tsa betri a ntse a sebelisa polypropylene bakeng sa khanyetso ea lik'hemik'hale le thepa ea ts'ireletso ea tšusumetso, e bontšang kamoo tsoelo-pele ea saense ea thepa e kopanang kateng ho pholletsa le indasteri.
Polypropylene e ikamahanya joang le mekhoa e meng?
Khetho ea thepa e kenyelletsa ho lekanya lintlha tse ngata khahlano le litlhoko tse ikhethang tsa kopo, 'me boemo ba tlholisano ba polypropylene bo hlakile ka ho bapisa ka ho toba le li-polymer tse amanang.Polyethylene (PE) e sebetsa e le mofuta o haufi haholo oa polypropylene le mefuta e meng ea khafetsa, ho arolelana mekhoa e tšoanang ea lik'hemik'hale empa e fapanyetsana libakeng tsa bohlokoa tsa ts'ebetso.
Mamello ea mocheso ke eona e khethollang ka ho fetisisa. Polypropylene e boloka botshepehi ba sebopeho ho fihla ho 160-171℃, ha polyethylene e phahameng e kokobela ka 130 degrees . Monyetla ona oa 30-40℃o bula lits'ebetso moo ho pepesetsoa mocheso ho ka senyang likarolo tsa polyethylene. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, polyethylene e boloka ho feto-fetoha ha maemo ho mocheso o ka tlase ho likhato tse 0 moo polypropylene e fetohang brittle, e leng ho etsang hore PE e be khetho e ntle bakeng sa lijana tsa polokelo ea sehatsetsi le lits'ebetso tsa kantle tse batang tsa leholimo.
Ho hanyetsa lik'hemik'hale ho rata polypropylene maemong a mangata a ts'oaetso. Le hoja li-polymer ka bobeli li hanana le li-acids le metheo e mengata, polypropylene e mamella ho kopana nako e telele le metsoako ea manyolo e ka qetellang e theola polyethylene. Litanka tsa polokelo ea lik'hemik'hale tsa indasteri li bonts'a molemo ona-lijana tsa polypropylene li na le litlharelli le lisebelisoa tsa ho hloekisa tse hlokang thepa e theko e phahameng ha polyethylene e sa sebetse.
Ho hlaka le ponaletso li fapana haholo lipakeng tsa lisebelisoa tsena. Polyethylene e khona ho hlaka ka tsela e loketseng hore motho a ka e bona-ka ho phutheloa, athe polypropylene e khona ho khanya feela ho tšoana le lijeke tsa lebese. Baqapi ba liphutheloana tsa lijo ba khetha polyethylene ha ponahalo ea sehlahisoa e khanna liqeto tsa ho reka, ho boloka polypropylene bakeng sa lits'ebetso moo pepenene e sa tsotelleng letho.
Litšenyehelo li rata polypropylene hanyane, ka liphapang tse tloaelehileng tsa $0.02-$0.05 ponto e 'ngoe. Tlhahiso e fetang milione{5}e sebetsa, phapang ena e nyane e kopana ho boloka chelete. Litšobotsi tsa ts'ebetso li eketsa ntlha e 'ngoe ea moruo-polypropylene's viscosity e tlase ea ho qhibiliha e fokotsa linako tsa potoloho ea ente ka 10-15% ha e bapisoa le polyethylene, e ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea lisebelisoa tse tšoanang.
Polystyrene (PS) e fana ka ho tiea le ho hlaka empa ha e na matla a matla a polypropylene le ho mamella mocheso.. Moenjineri oa ho paka o hlalositse hore ho lahla sejana sa polystyrene hangata ho baka ho peperana, athe lijana tse tšoanang tsa polypropylene li tlokoma ntle le tšenyo. Monyetla ona oa ho tiea o lelefatsa bophelo ba sehlahisoa mme o fokotsa phaello ho litsamaiso tsa kabo tse atisang ho tšoaroa hampe.
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) e fana ka khanyetso e ntle ea lik'hemik'hale le ho tšoarella ha maemo a leholimo empa e phahamisa matšoenyeho a tikoloho a ntseng a eketseha a rata polypropylene e le mokhoa o mong. Bahoebi ba 'maloa ba Europe ba fane ka taelo ea ho kenya liphutheloana tsa polypropylene bakeng sa lihlahisoa tsa PVC, ka lebaka la khetho ea bareki bakeng sa thepa e se nang chlorine{1}e thehiloeng k'hemik'hale.
Nylon le lipolima tse ling tsa boenjiniere li feta polypropylene ka matla le ho hanyetsa mocheso empa li bitsa makhetlo a 2-4 ho feta. Baqapi ba likarolo ba sebelisa lisebelisoa tsena tsa premium ha feela thepa ea polypropylene e bonahala e sa lekana, e boloka likhetho tse theko e phahameng haholo bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse bohlokoa tse lokafatsang litšenyehelo tsa bona tse phahameng.
Lintho tse ka sehloohong tsa ts'ebetso ea Polypropylene ke life?
Ho utloisisa litšobotsi tsa tekheniki tsa thepa ho nolofalletsa khetho e nang le tsebo bakeng sa likopo tse khethehileng. Thepa ea mochini e theha motheo oa lits'ebetso tsa sebopeho sa polypropylene.Matla a thata hangata a tloha ho 4,500 ho isa ho 6,000 psi ho latela maemo le maemo a ts'ebetso.. Matla ana a lumella liphutheloana tse tšesaane{1}}tse nang le mabota tse bolokang botšepehi nakong ea ho sebetsa ha thepa e ntse e fokotsa tšebeliso ea lintho.
Flexural modulus, ho lekanya ho satalla tlas'a meroalo e kobehang, e oela pakeng tsa 150,000 le 250,000 psi bakeng sa limaraka tse tloaelehileng. Sena se ts'ehetsa lits'ebetso tsa meralo ha se ntse se lumella ho tenyetseha ho lekaneng ho monya litlamorao ntle le ho robeha. Matla a matla a fapana haholo ho ea ka thempereichara-ka 23 degrees , ha Izod e ama maemo a phahameng a fihla ho 0.5-1.0 ft-lb/in, ho theohela ho 0.3-0.5 ft-lb/in ka 0℃moo thepa e ntseng e senyeha haholo.
Elongation nakong ea khefu, e bontšang hore na lintho tse bonahalang li na le bokae pele li hlōleha, ho tloha ho 100% ho ea ho 600% ho itšetlehile ka kereiti. Limaraka tse holimo li fumana tšebeliso lits'ebetsong tse hlokang ductility, joalo ka li-hinges tse phelang le lifilimi tse bonolo tsa ho paka.
Litšobotsi tsa mocheso li hlalosa enfelopo ea ho sebetsa ea polypropylene. Thempereichara ea phetoho ea khalase e lula haufi le 0℃, e tšoaea moeli moo liketane tsa limolek'hule li tsamaeang teng. Ho qhibiliha ho etsahala sebakeng se fapaneng ho e-na le sebakeng se nepahetseng, 'me limaraka tsa khoebo li bonts'a tlhōrō ea ho qhibiliha pakeng tsa likhato tse 160 le 171 ka ho hlahloba phapang ea calorimetry.
Litlhahiso tse tsoelang pele tsa tšebeletso ea mocheso li atisa ho fihla ho 100-110℃bakeng sa limaraka tse tloaelehileng, le hoja mefuta e khethehileng e atolosa sena ho 130 degrees . Ka tlase ho -digrii tse 20 , boholo ba limaraka tsa polypropylene li fokola haholo hore li ke ke tsa sebetsa ka mokhoa o tšepahalang, leha li-copolymers le mefuta e fetotsoeng ea rabara e ntlafatsang mocheso o tlase.
Li-coefficients tsa katoloso ea mocheso li sebetsa holimo ho feta litšepe le lipolasetiki tse ling tse ngata, hoo e ka bang 8-10 × 10⁻⁵/℃. Baqapi ba tlameha ho ikarabella bakeng sa katoloso ena ha ba hlakisa likaroloana tsa polypropylene tse pepesehileng ho fetoha ha mocheso, ho kenyelletsa le libaka tse lekaneng ho thibela ho tlama.
Thepa ea motlakase e beha polypropylene joalo ka insulator e ntle haholo. Bolumo bo matla bo feta 10¹⁶ ohm-cm, ha matla a dielectric a atamela 700 volts/mil. Litšobotsi tsena li tšehetsa lits'ebetso ho likarolo tsa motlakase, li-cable insulation, le lifilimi tsa capacitor. Dissipation factor values tse ka tlase ho 0.001 ho maqhubu a tloaelehileng a matla a bonts'a tahlehelo e nyane ea matla, leha thepa e bokella litefiso tse tsitsitseng tse hlokang li-additives tsa antistatic lits'ebetsong moo ho hohelang likaroloana ho bakang mathata.
Thepa ea optical e fokotsa ts'ebeliso ea polypropylene lits'ebetsong tse hlokang ponaletso. Refractive index e pota-potileng 1.49 le tlhaho ea crystallinity e etsa hore ho be le ponahalo e hlakileng ho e-na le ho hlaka. Surface gloss e ka laoloa ka ho sebetsa, ho tloha{3}}likarolo tse entsoeng ka ente e khanyang ho isa lifiliming tse matte.
Thepa ea thibelo e bonts'a ts'ebetso e tsoakiloeng. Polypropylene e thibela metsi a mokelikeli ka nepo, empa e bontša hore e hanyetsana le phetiso ea mouoane oa metsi{1}}Litheko tsa WVTR tse ka bang 0.4-0.7 g-mil/100 in²/letsatsi ka 38℃le 90% RH. Ho kenella ha khase ho feta li-polymer tse ngata tse thibelang, ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea eona lits'ebetsong tse hlokang litekanyetso tse tlase tsa phetisetso ea oksijene ntle le litšitiso tse ling.
Lifensetere tse sebetsang li bonahatsa sebopeho sa thermoplastic ea polypropylene. Lithempereichara tsa ho qhibiliha tse khothalelitsoeng bakeng sa ho bopeha ha ente ka likhato tse 200-280 ho latela boemo le karolo ea jiometry. Mocheso oa hlobo o pakeng tsa 20-80℃o susumetsa sekhahla sa crystallization le likarolo tsa ho qetela tsa thepa. Li-stabilizers tsa ts'ebetso li sireletsa khahlanong le ho senyeha ha mocheso le oxidative nakong ea lipotoloho tse ngata tsa mocheso.
U Lokela ho Hlalosa neng Polypropylene?
Khetho ea kopo e hloka thepa e nyallanang khahlano le litlhoko tsa ts'ebetso ha ho ntse ho nahanoa ka litšenyehelo, ts'ebetso, le pheletso{{0}ea{1}}ea lintlha tsa bophelo.Polypropylene e hlaha e le khetho e nepahetseng ha lits'ebetso li hloka khanyetso ea lik'hemik'hale, ho se kenelle ha mongobo, le mamello ea mokhathala.mocheso o itekanetseng o nang le kutloelo-bohloko ea litšenyehelo.
Lisebelisoa tsa polokelo ea lik'hemik'hale le ho sebetsana le tsona li rua molemo ho polypropylene e pharaletseng ea ho hanyetsa. Hlalosa litanka tsa polypropylene, liphaephe le lijana bakeng sa:
E seng-asiti ea oxidizing (sulfuric, hydrochloric, phosphoric) mochesong oa kamore
Litharollo tsa alkaline ho kenyelletsa sodium hydroxide ho fihla ho likhato tse 60
Li-solvents tse ngata tsa tlhaho ntle le li-oxidizers tse matla le aromatics
Lihlahisoa tsa ho hloekisa, li-detergent le lik'hemik'hale tsa temo
Moetsi oa lik'hemik'hale o ngotse bophelo ba tšebeletso ea lilemo tse 15 bakeng sa litanka tsa polokelo ea polypropylene tse nang le 50% sodium hydroxide, ka litlhahlobo tse bontšang ho senyeha ho fokolang ho sa tsotellehe ho pepeseha ha lik'hemik'hale nako le nako.
Lisebelisoa tsa ho ikopanya le lijo li phahamisa tumello ea FDA ea polypropylene, ho hanyetsa mocheso, le thepa ea thibelo ea mongobo. Nahana ka polypropylene bakeng sa:
Lijana tse nang le microwave tse hlokang bokhoni ba likhato tse 120
Tse chesang-lisebelisoa tsa ho tlatsa moo mocheso oa ho tlatsa o fetang 85 degrees
Sehatsetsi-ho{1}}lihlahisoa tsa ontong tse tsamaeang -20℃ho isa ho +120 degree
Mochine o hlatsoang lijana-lijana tse bolokehileng tsa polokelo
Fa motho a le mong-likopi tse nang le likarolo, lijana tsa yogurt, libate tsa margarine
Litlhophiso tsa bongaka le tsa laboratori li sebelisa matla a ho thibela sterilization ea polypropylene le li-extractable tse tlase. Hlalosa bakeng sa:
Lisebelisoa tsa ho buoa tse ka sebelisoang hape tse hlokang li-autoclave cycles
Lisebelisoa tsa bongaka tse lahliloeng (li-syringe, linoelo tsa mohlala, linkho tsa meriana)
Lisebelisoa tsa polasetiki tsa laboratori li tlas'a ts'oaetso ea lik'hemik'hale
Likarolo tsa tlhahlobo ea tlhahlobo tse hlokang botsitso bo boholo
Moetsi oa lisebelisoa tsa ho buoa o tlalehile literei tsa bona tsa polypropylene li boloka boemo ba ho mamellana ka 100+ autoclave cycles ka 134℃, tse tsamaellanang le nako e telele ea literei tsa tšepe ka 70% ea ho fokotsa litšenyehelo.
Likarolo tsa koloi li sebelisa matla a polypropylene{{0}ho-karolelano ea boima ba 'mele le matla a ho monya. Sebetsa ho:
Sistimi ea bumper e kopanyang ho tiea le ho monya matla
Liphanele tsa ka hare tsa trim tse hlokang ho bōptjoa le ho qeta holimo
Mekotla ea libeteri le literei tse hlokang khanyetso ea lik'hemik'hale
Ka tlas'a-karolo ea lisebelisoa tse pepesehileng mocheso ho fihla ho 120 degrees
Lisebelisoa tsa ho paka li laola tšebeliso ea polypropylene hobane thepa e leka-lekanya tšireletso le moruo. Khetha polypropylene ha:
Lintho tse thibelang mongobo li iponahatsa li le bohlokoa ho feta thibelo ea khase
Litlhoko tse hlakileng li lumella ho hlakisa ho e-na le ho ba pepeneneng
Li-hinges tse phelang kapa likarolo tse tenyetsehang li hokahana le moralo oa liphutheloana
Lipehelo tsa litšenyehelo li hloka lisebelisoa tsa moruo tse nang le ts'ebetso e lekaneng
Ho tiisa mocheso ka likhato tse 130-170 ho thusa ho koaloa ha sephutheloana
Lisebelisoa tsa masela le li-fiber li sebelisa polypropylene ha mongobo, ho hanyetsa letheba, le ho tšoarella. Nahana ka:
Activewear base layers moo tsamaiso ea mongobo e tsamaisang boiketlo
Ka hare{{0}kapete ea ka ntle{1}libakeng tse phahameng tsa khoebo
Geotextiles bakeng sa taolo ea khoholeho le ho tsitsisa mobu
Lithapo tsa metsing tse hlokang thapo e phaphametseng e ke keng ea monya metsi
Qoba polypropylene ha lits'ebetso li hloka:
Ho pepeseha ho sa khaotseng ka holimo ho likhato tse 110(limaraka tse tloaelehileng) kapa 130℃(mocheso-limaraka tse tsitsitseng)
Ts'ebetso e ka tlase ho -10 degreentle le tšusumetso-li-copolymer tse fetotsoeng
Ho hlaka ha ponobakeng sa ho bona-ka ho paka kapa lilense
Ho pepeseha ha UV kantlentle le li-stabilizers tsa UV (PP e sa tsitsang e senya nakong ea likhoeli tse 6-12)
Ho kopanya ka li-adhesive(polypropylene's non{0}polar surface e hanana le likhomaretsi tse ngata ntle le ho hloekisoa holimo)
Lintho tse phahameng tsa thibelobakeng sa litaba tsa oksijene- tse hloahloa
Botsitso ba dimensionalka ts'ebetso e nepahetseng (katoloso e phahameng ea mocheso e baka liphetoho tse fapaneng)
Lisebelisoa tse ling lia hlokahala ha litšitiso tsena li sebetsa. Polyethylene e sebetsana hantle le-zero mocheso; polycarbonate e fana ka leseli la optical; polyethylene terephthalate (PET) e fana ka thibelo e phahameng ea khase; 'me thermoplastics e entsoeng ka boenjiniere e fana ka mocheso o phahameng o tsoelang pele oa tšebeliso.
Lipotso Tse Botsoang Khafetsa
Na polypropylene e bolokehile bakeng sa ho kopana le lijo le bophelo bo botle ba batho?
Polypropylene e na le tumello ea FDA bakeng sa ho kopana le lijo ka kotloloho-mesebetsing e le 'ngoe le e ka sebelisoang hape. Thepa ha e na bisphenol-A (BPA), phthalates, kapa endocrine-metsoako e 'ngoe e sitisang batho ba buellang tsa bophelo bo botle. Lithuto tsa toxicological ha li bontše ho falla ho hoholo ha lintho tse kotsi tlas'a maemo a tloaelehileng a tšebeliso. Leha ho le joalo, ho futhumatsa polypropylene ka holimo ho mocheso o khothalletsoang ho ka baka tšenyo ea thepa, kahoo basebelisi ba lokela ho latela litataiso tsa moetsi bakeng sa tšebeliso ea microwave le mochini o hlatsoang lijana.
Na polypropylene e ka sebelisoa hape ka katleho?
Polypropylene e na le khoutu ea ho tsosolosa #5 'me e ka sebelisoa hape ka mochine ka ho bokella, ho hlophisa, ho hloekisa, ho sila, ho qhibiliha, le ho fetola li-pellets kapa lihlahisoa tse ncha. Thepa e mamella lipotoloho tse ngata tsa ho e sebelisa ha e ntse e boloka thepa ea bohlokoa, leha ts'ebetso ea mochini e theoha butle-butle ka potoloho e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe. Tšilafalo e tsoang ho li-plastiki tse ling e thatafatsa ho sebelisoa hape, ho hloka mekhoa ea karohano e eketsang litšenyehelo. Litefiso tsa ntlafatso ea indasteri li hola ho pota 1-3% libakeng tse ngata, ka tlase ho aluminium le litheko tsa polasetiki tsa PET.
Polypropylene e sebetsa joang ka ntle?
Polypropylene e sa tsitsang e senyeha ka potlako ha e pepesetsoa mahlaseli a UV, e fetoha e brittle le ho senyeha ka mor'a likhoeli. Leha ho le joalo, liphutheloana tsa UV stabilizer li eketsa bophelo ba kantle ho lilemo tse 5-10 kapa ho feta ho latela maemo a leholimo le maemo a ho pepeseha. Carbon black e fana ka tšireletso ea UV e theko e tlaase bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse mamellang 'mala o motšo. HALS (tse sitisang amine light stabilizers) li thusa lihlahisoa tsa polypropylene tse mebala bakeng sa thepa ea ka ntle, lisebelisoa tsa lebala la lipapali, le thepa ea kantle ea koloi.
Ke eng e etsang hore polypropylene e phatlohe kapa e hlolehe?
Mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea ho hloleha e kenyelletsa khatello ea tikoloho e bakoang ke ho pepeseha ha lik'hemik'hale ho kopantsoe le khatello ea maikutlo, ho hloleha hoa mocheso ka mocheso o tlase moo thepa e fetohang brittle, ho senyeha ha mocheso ho tsoa ho mocheso o fetang o khothalelitsoeng, le ho senyeha ha UV lits'ebetsong tsa kantle ntle le botsitso bo lekaneng. Khetho e nepahetseng ea thepa, moralo oa likarolo, le taolo ea boemo ba ts'ebetso e fokotsa likotsi tsena tsa ho hloleha.
Na polypropylene e na le lik'hemik'hale tse kotsi?
Resin e hloekileng ea polypropylene e na le liathomo tsa carbon le hydrogen tse se nang li-additives. Lihlahisoa tse feliloeng li ka 'na tsa e-na le lithuso tsa ho sebetsa, li-colorants, li-stabilizer tsa UV, li-flame retardants, kapa lisebelisoa tse ling tse sebetsang ho itšetlehile ka litlhoko tsa kopo. Lipampiri tsa lintlha tsa ho lumellana le melao le polokeho li ngola litlatsetso life kapa life tse teng. Lijo-likhokahano le tsa bongaka-li-polypropylene tsa bongaka li etsoa liteko tse matla ho netefatsa polokeho bakeng sa ts'ebeliso e reriloeng.
Lintlha tsa bohlokoa
Polypropylene e maemong a bobeli-polasetiki e hlahisoang ka bongata lefatšeng, e nang le lithane tsa metric tse fetang limilione tse 70 tse etsoang selemo le selemo, ho latela feela polyethylene ka bongata ba tlhahiso ea lefats'e ha e ntse e fana ka khanyetso e phahameng ea mocheso le ho lumellana le lik'hemik'hale.
Sebopeho sa thepa ea thermoplastic se thusa lipotoloho tse ngata tsa ho futhumatsa le ho ntlafatsantle le ts'enyehelo e kholo ea thepa, e ts'ehetsa lits'ebetso tse sebetsang hantle tsa ho e sebelisa hape le mekhoa e fapaneng ea tlhahiso e kenyelletsang ho bopa ente, extrusion, le blow molding.
Ho hanyetsa lik'hemik'hale ho li-acids, li-bases, le li-solvents tsa tlhaho li khetholla polypropylene ho mefuta e meng, ho etsa hore e be ea bohlokoa bakeng sa polokelo ea lik'hemik'hale tsa indasteri, lijana tsa lihlahisoa tsa ho hloekisa, le lisebelisoa tsa laboratori moo tšebelisano ea thepa e leng bohlokoa.
Likopo li qala ho paka (30% ea tlhahiso) ka likarolo tsa koloi (20%).ho lisebelisoa tsa bongaka, masela, le thepa ea bareki, 'me lekala le leng le le leng le sebelisa melemo e itseng ea thepa eo thepa e 'ngoe e ke keng ea lekana ka litšenyehelo tse bapisoang.
Litšupiso
Limmaraka le Limmaraka - Tlhahlobo ea 'Maraka ea Polypropylene 2024-2025 - https://www.marketsandmarkets.com/Market-Litlaleho/polypropylene-maraka
American Chemistry Council - Lipalopalo tsa Tlhahiso ea Indasteri ea Plastiki - https://www.americanchemistry.com
Litsebiso tsa FDA mabapi le Lijo - Tumellano ea Polypropylene - https://www.fda.gov/food/packaging-lijo-contact-lintho-fcs
Society of Plastics Engineers - Thermoplastic Properties Database - https://www.4spe.org
Liphetoho tsa Plastiki tsa Europe - Tlaleho ea Tšireletseho ea Indasteri 2024 - https://www.plasticsconverters.eu
Journal of Applied Polymer Science - Lithuto tsa Pholiso ea Polypropylene - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/app
Automotive Engineering International - Tlaleho ea Lisebelisuoa tsa Lightweighting - https://www.sae.org/publications/magazines/automotive-engineering
